Postural Sway Characteristics in Static Balance Control of Youth Female Soccer Players

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Abstract

Purpose: Balance control, particularly in uni-lateral domain, is essential in soccer. Majority of the existing studies examined
dynamic balance via clinical tools, and primarily involved male players. Thus, the purpose here was to examine the nature of
Center of Pressure (COP) postural sway in youth female players across bipedal and unipedal conditions
Methods: Sixteen pre-adolescent female competitive players (age 12.4±21.40 years) were asked to stand on a force plate
in bi-pedal stance with the dominant and non-dominant legs respectively. Three, 10 second trials were carried out for each
condition.
Results: As expected, across the four COP measures bi-pedal stance resulted in least sway (P= .05). However, the subsequent
analysis showed different center of pressure (COP) profiles in the dominant versus non-dominant condition across COP
velocity (P= .003), path length (P= .001) and anterior-posterior (AP) sway (P= .003), with sway area revealing no statistical
differences (P= .821). In addition, the analysis of stabilograms confirmed that in the non-dominant condition the pronounced
COP oscillations were of lower amplitude and frequency as compared to the dominant leg.
Conclusions: Overall, postural asymmetry was found as the sway characteristics on both legs differed, with dominant side
exhibiting more sway and faster COP oscillations. In line with the inverted pendulum model, this may be due to less than
optimal ability to modulate muscle torques generated at the ankle. It is hypothesized that the postural asymmetry between
the dominant and non-dominant legs may result from muscular asymmetries that have been often reported in youth soccer
players, as a result of their pronounced foot dominance.