Paweł Fryderyk Nowak a, Tuğba Gültekin b, Dariusz S. Bajkowski c, Thomas Casale d
aFaculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
bVocational School of Health Services, Dokuz Eylül Univerisity, Izmir, Turkiye
cKIME Martial Arts School in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
dWorld Karate Association, New York, USA