Changes in the biological condition and isometric strength of male and female youth during social isolation

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate how the biological condition and isometric strength differ between the
groups of physically active young people, those who have previously experienced social isolation associated with the
COVID-19 lockdown and those who have not. Such isolation involved a reduction in physical activity.
Methods: During the observational study, 876 women and men aged 18-23 years, who started studying in University of Health
and Sport Sciences, were examined (572 – before pandemic, 304 – after lockdown). Biological condition was assessed based
on selected features treated as indicators of health risk. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis using
the bioelectrical impedance method and tests of upper and lower limb and back muscle strength were performed. Selected
indices were calculated: Body Mass Index, Waist to Hip Ratio, Waist to Height Ratio, Body Adiposity Index, Subcutaneous Fat
Distribution Index, Body Cell Mass Index.
Results: As a result of social isolation, gender-dependent changes in biological condition and strength was observed. People
who experienced isolation were characterized by a higher percentage of fat (P= .001 for both sexes) and a lower percentage
of muscle (P= .001 for men and P= .011 for women), with greater difference in fat content observed in women. Increased
body circumferences were observed only in the females (for hip circumference P= .008, for arm circumference P= .009)
and decreased strength only in the males (for right hand and back P= .001, for left hand P= .006 and for leg P= .011). Fat
distribution pattern changed only among women – those who have experienced lockdown presented greater fatness around
the waist (P= .029 for Waist to Hip Ratio).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the experience of social isolation associated with physical activity restriction increased
the health risk and decreased strength of young people in a gender-specific manner.